Bibliography

Bibliography

Sites Used:

- http://www.wikipedia.org

- https://www.google.ca/imghp

- https://seaweedindustry.com

- http://eol.org

- http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/

- http://www.nationalgeographic.com/

- http://animals.howstuffworks.com/

- http://wiki.answers.com/

- http://www.seashellsandsuch.com/

- http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/

- http://decapoda.nhm.org/

- http://dictionary.reference.com/

- http://a-z-animals.com/

- ect...

Bonus Photos

Bonus Photos

This photo contains several species, for example; barnacles, starfish, lemon nudibranch, beetles and dead man's fingers.

This photo represents a mutualistic relationship between a mussel and barnacles. It is mutualistic because the mussel is receiving protection from predators that would try and eat it, because the barnacles are tough and sharp. The barnacles are given a safe, sturdy surface to attach to, as well as receiving food particles from the mussel.

#24 Starfish

#24 Starfish

(Pisaster Ochraceus)

Common Name: Purple Sea Star/Ochre Starfish

Description

- Purple color

- About the size of a man's hand 

- 5 arms about 7cm in length

- The arms are arranged around a central disk

- There surface is rough and contains several small spines(ossicles) that are arranged in a net-like pattern on the central disk

- They have tube feet with suckers on the ends which allow them to attach to a wide variety of surfaces

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Animalia 

- Phylum: Echinodermata

- Class: Asteroidea

- Order: Forcipulatida

- Family: Asteriidae

- Genus: Pisaster

- Species: P. ochraceus

Ecology

- Pisaster has been described as a keystone species, they only have a few predators (sea gulls, otters).

- They can be found in great numbers on mussels beds and on rocky shores in crevices and under rocks.

- Pisaster starfish have been hit by Sea Star Wasting Disease, which is killing many starfish on the pacific northwest. The disease leaves legions on the ectoderm followed by tissue decay, which leads to fragmentation of the body and then death. The cause is still unknown at this point. However scientists believe it is due to environmental factors.

- If the disease persists and a cure is not found there will could be no sea stars left within a few years.

#23 Sea Snail

#23 Sea Snail

Common Name: Sea snail

Description

- Shell was white/cream colour and the snail its self was brown

- About 2 cm in length

- Has two antennae on its head

- Usually has a round and smooth shell with a spiral pattern

- Their shells are relatively small

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Anamilia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda 

Family: Juliidae

Ecology
- They are used as food for many organisms in the ocean 
- A snails' body can produce a thick slime and because of this slime they are able to crawl across a sharp edge and not get injured
- Some snails are able to live up to 15 years
- Snails are hermaphroditic 
- They rely a lot on their sense of smell and touch to capture food because of their poor eyesight
- A snails' slime allows them to crawl upside down due to the suction created by their slime
- Snails are nocturnal
- A snails' poison is more deadly than morphine but is used in a different way

#22 Chiton

#22 Chiton

Common Name: Chiton

Description

- About 10 cm in length and oval in shape

- It has eight linearly overlapping plates

- Their shells can be either dull or brightly coloured

- When threatened the chiton will roll into a ball

- The mantle is found beneath the shell

- The gridle (lower edge of the mantle) extends bellow the the shell and helps the foot with gripping

- In some species the mantle is smooth and covered in scales, hairs or spines that give the animal a different appearance

- The mouth, located on the ventral surface in front of the foot contains a radula

- Most chitons are herbivores

- Most eat during the night and spend the day time under rock ledges

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Anamilia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Polyplacophora

Order: Neoloricata

Family: Chidonidae

Genus: Chiton

Ecology

- Sea urchins have spines for protection and some chitons live among the sea urchins and use this for protection from their predators

- Their valves are mostly made out of calcium carbonate

- Each its valves are shaped like a butterfly

- The foot and gridle are separated by a special groove and within the groove; you can find the chiton's gills

- The opening at the end of the digestive track is where the anus is located

- An adult chiton's head does not have any eyes or tentacles for it to use as sensory organs

#21 Fish Eggs

#21 Fish Eggs

Common Name: Fish eggs

General information
 - Colour: orange

- There are a lot of them clumped up together

- Found underneath a rock near the water

- The amount of time fish eggs take to hatch can be anywhere between 3 days and 2 weeks
- Fish will lays hundreds or thousands of eggs at a time due to predation and that it will give them a higher chance of passing their genes to the next generation
- Many of the eggs that are laid do not survive as the parents are not there to protect them
- Fish eggs are generally 1-2 mm in size
- Fish that stay and protect their young will lay fewer eggs than those that do not protect them because of the lower death rate

#20 Trochus Snail

#20 Trochus Snail

Common Name: Snail

Description

- About one inch in size 

- They have cone shaped shells

- They are invertebrates and have an exoskeleton which is their shell and are bilaterally symmetrical

- Their hard shells are used for protecting their soft bodies

- They have a radula that is covered in sharp curved teeth

- They have sense organs (eyes) at the ends of the long tentacles that are sensitive to light and dark

- A trochus snail's shell is broadly cone shaped and have a flat base

- The outer and basal lips are smooth

- The columella has a strong fold above, which ends with a obtuse tooth below

- The adult shell is typically covered in coralline algae

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Vetigastropoda

Family: Trochidae

Genus: Trochus 

Species: Niloticus

Ecology

- The trochus snail provides food for organisms in its area and also for humans

- They are able to release toxins in the water to avoid predation 

- Trochus snails generally live for about 5-8 years

- Their shells can also serve as a source of jewellery with its amazing pearl like interior 

#19 Beetle

#19 Beetle

Common Name: Beetle

Description

- Many beetles are oval or circular in shape

- Mainly black 

- They have an exoskeleton and are bilaterally symmetrical

- Beetles have hard fore wings called elytra that protect the delicate hind wings and abdomen

- Many beetles are herbivorous and have antennae

-  Beetles are not found in freezing temperatures

- Their bodies are made up of three main parts coated in the hard outer shell which are the head, thorax, and the abdomen of the beetle

- Beetles are the largest group of living organisms 

Taxonomy

Kindom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda 

Class: Insecta

Order: Coleoptera

Family: Corabidae

Ecology

- The relationship between the beetle and fungus is mutualism. It is mutualism because the adult beetle tunnels into a dead tree to lay its eggs while carrying fungal spores. 

- The larvae feed off of the fungus which digest and remove toxins

- Beetles are able to adapt to almost any kind of condition in their environments and are found all over the world

- Coleoptera is the largest order in the entire animal kingdom

- Some beetles are able to glow in the dark

#18 Mussel

#18 Mussel

Common name: Mussels

Description

- Mussels are typically circular and are about 7-10 cm in length

- They are commonly black

- Mussels are invertebrates and do not have a backbone but from an exoskeleton by growing a shell to protect their soft bodies

- They are normally thick valved or equal valved 

- Their mantle margins are extensively fused, often developed into long siphons

- Most are active burrowers and have a large foot.

- They make up more than 30 percent of all bivalves

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Veneroida

Ecology

- The relationship between mussels and barnacles is mutualism. It is mutualism because when barnacles attach themselves to mussels they benefit by: reducing their competition and the delivery of food carried by micro currents when they are near the mussels siphons.

- The mussels benefit because the barnacles act as a form of camouflage and offer increased protection from predators and also from heat stress.

- The difference between wild and cultured mussels can be seen by the somewhat dull colour, white erosion and attached barnacles. 

- Cultured mussels have a shiny blue/black colour

# 17 Annelid

#17 Annelid

Common Name: Polychaeta 

Description

- Pink/dark brown.

- About 15-20 cm in length.

- Since annelids are invertebrates they have no backbone meaning they have no skeleton. 

- They are bilaterally symmetrical.

- It has a segmented body and each segment is practically identical except that some have rectangular cross sections. They are also found to be pale and clearly segmented.

- The brain is found in the front most section called the prostomium

- The section that is directly behind the prostomium contains the mouth.

- They also have a pentagonal prostomium with two pairs of small antennae.

- They are active predators with a strong muscular proboscis which are armed with two well developed jaws.

- They are able to quickly through sandy environments and swim with sinuous movements. 

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia 

Phylum: Annelida

Class: Polychaeta

Order: Phylludocida

Family: Nephtyidae 

Genus: Nephtys

Ecology

- Most annelids serve as food for birds and keep the soil aerated while leeches help with medical needs.

- Their bodies are covered by a cuticle that doesn't contain cells but is secreted by cells in the skin underneath and is made with a tough and flexible collagen.

#16 Dead Man's Fingers

#16 Dead Man's Fingers

Common Name: Dead Man's Fingers

Description

- Dark green in color and soft felt like texture

- About the size of a grown man's hand

- Made up of tubular fingers

- Grows in large patches near the shore

- Has no asexual stage(sporophyte)

- Male and female gametes are both produced on separate plants

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Plantae

- Phylum: Chlorophyta

- Class: Bryopsidophyceae

- Order: Bryopsidales

- Family: Codiaceae

- Genus: Codium

- Species: C. fragile

Ecology

- Codium fragile is one of the top five high-risk invasive species.

- It's main method of transportation and spreading is by the hulls of ships, taking it from port to port.

- Codium is an extremely successful seaweed due to it's versatile requirements for sunlight, nutrients, and reproductive conditions.

- It is consumed in certain areas and is used as food for other species of vertebrates.

- Codium becomes a visual nuisance as it lines the shore, as well it washes up to rot on the beach and emits a terrible stench.

- Under the water, it out competes other types of seaweed and destroys the habitats of certain marine organisms.

- Chemical and mechanical removal has been out ruled due to the negative effects it has upon the other organism nearby.  

- Codium is native to the coastal regions of Japan.

#15 Bull Kelp

#15 Bull Kelp

Common Name: Bull Kelp/bullwhip kelp

Description

- About 5 feet in length

- Dark green and brown in color

- It has rootlike holdfasts, which contain haptera which help anchor the plant to the rocks

- From the holdfast, a flexible stem extends several feet upward gradually expanding to form a bulb at the top of the plant.

- Bull kelp grows together forming thick canopies of kelp that can grow up to 115 feet tall

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Chromalveolata

- Phylum: Hterokontophyta

- Class: Phaeophyceae

- Order: Laminariales

- Family: Laminariaceae

- Genus: Nereocystis

- Species: N. luetkeana

Ecology

- Bull kelp is an annual seaweed, meaning it grows from a spore to maturity within a single year.

- It can grow up to ten inches a day and it produces spores in spore patches (sori), which ensure that the spores settle near the parent plant and on suitable terrain.

- The bull kelp gets washed on to the beach by storms, it then dries out and turns brown making it look like a whip.

- It thrives in rough coastal waters and grows in thick, dense canopies.

- Bull kelp is harvested and used in a variety of products including; fertilizers, dog food, shampoo, moisturizer and herbal remedies.

#14 Eel Fish

#14 Eel Fish 

Common Name: Eel Fish

Description

- Black, snakelike, elongated

- About 5cm in length

- They have bilateral symmetry

- Endoskeleton, they are fish so they have scales and cartilage
- They don't have pelvic fins, and many species also lack pectoral fins. The dorsal and anal fins are connected to the caudal or tail fin, which makes a single ribbon running along the length of the eel.

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Animalia

- Phylum: Chordata

- Class: Antiopterygii

- Order: Anguillformes

- Family:

- Genus:

- Species:

Ecology

- Most eels live in shallow waters of the ocean and burrow into the sand. The majority of eels are nocturnal and therefore rarely seen.
- Often eels live in holes or eel pits.
- Eel is used in Chinese and Japanese cuisine however it is often very expensive. Eel blood is extremely toxic to humans and other mammals but the cooking process completely destroys the toxin proteins.
- Eel skin leather is highly prized. It is very smooth and exceptionally strong. However, it does not come from eels. It comes from the pacific hagfish, a jawless fish which is also known as the slime eel.
- Eels begin life as flattened larvae, which drift to the surface of the sea and feed on the particles. The larvae then develops into a glass eel and then becomes an elver before finally reaching adulthood.

#13 Lemon Nudibranch

#13 Lemon Nudibranch 

(Dorididae)

Common Name: Nudibranch/Sea Slug

Description

- Orange/yellow with red splotches

- Sluglike

- About 10cm in diameter

- Oval shaped, two hornlike projections on their head with gills on their backs

- The mantle is covered with small bumps known as tubercles

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Animalia

- Phylum: Mullusca

- Class: Gastropoda

- Family: Dorididae 

Ecology

- Lemon nudibranchs feed on sponges and other sessile animals or even dead organic matter. 

- Nudibranchs are hermaphroditic, and thus have both reproductive organs, however they cannot fertilize themselves.

- They are some of the most colorful creatures on the earth. They use camouflage to blend into their surroundings or aposematic coloration to warn potential predators that they are distasteful or poisonous.

- Nudibranchs can store nematocysts from other animals in their own dorsal body wall and use them for their own defense. As well as other chemical defenses they can use for protection.

#12 Jellyfish

#12 Jellyfish 

Common Name: Jellyfish/Jellies
Description

-White/clear

- About the size of a loonie

- Gelatinous texture

- They have no skeleton and are bell shaped

- Jellyfish have an incomplete digestive system, no intestines, liver or pancreas.

- They have many tentacles which aid in movement and feeding. Each tentacle is covered with cells called 'cnidocytes'.

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Animalia

- Phylum: Cnidaria

- Class: Hydrozoa

- Order: Anthomedusae

- Family: Oceaniidae

- Genus: Turritopsis

- Species: T.nutricula

Ecology

- Jellyfish have a net like nervous system, some jellyfish have ocelli, which are light-sensitive organs. However, they are unable to form images.

- Jellyfish reproduce both sexually and asexually, through budding, brooding and spawning.

- Most jellies live between 2-6 months.

- They move by radially expanding and contracting their bell-shaped bodies.

- Jellies are carnivores, feeding on plankton, crustaceans, small fish and even other jellyfish.

- Some jellies sting their prey using nematocysts, which pierce the skin and inject venom, some can cause extreme reactions in humans leaving burn marks along the affected skin. Stings can range from no effect to extreme pain and even death.

#11 Oyster

#11 Oyster

Common Name: Oyster

Description

- White/grey

- About 3 inches in diameter

- They have an exoskeleton

- Oysters have asymmetrical symmetry

- They are filter feeders drawing in water and trapping the edible particles.

- In addition to their gills, oysters can also exchange gases across their mantle.

- They have a small three chambered heart as well as two kidneys which help to filter waste products from their blood.

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Animalia

- Phylum: Mullusca

- Class: Bivalvia

- Order: Ostreoida

- Family: Ostreidae

- Genus: Crassostrea

- Species: C.gigas

Ecology

- Found in the intertidal and subtidal zones, Pacific oysters have separate sexes, but hermaphrodites sometimes occur.

- Oysters have several predators including crabs, starfish, oyster drills and humans.

- Oysters are eaten worldwide and are even farmed exclusively for food.  

- However oysters are subject to diseases such as "Dermo" and "MSX", which can cause disease in humans if ingested.
- A group of oysters is commonly called a bed or an oyster reef.
- They reach maturity in one year, and some oysters can even contain live crabs, known as oyster crabs.

#10 Millipedes

#10 Millipede

Common Name: Millipede

Description

- About 3cm in length

- completely black

- Anatomy: Exoskeleton, segments, legs, eyes and metathoracic glands

- The exoskeleton is made up of three layers; the first layer is the epidermis, the second layer is soft, flexible chitin, and the third layer is stiffened and hardened chitin.

- As the millipede ages it will shed it's skin for a new one.

- The millipede has a head and a long segmented body, each segment contains two legs.

- The number of legs ranges from 100-400.

- Millipede eyes can detect light and dark but are unable to produce images.

- The metathoracic glands warn off predators by producing tiny gas clouds of hydrogen cyanide, which is poisonous to predators but won't harm humans.

- Millipedes have bilateral symmetry.

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Animalia

- Phylum: Arthropoda

- Class: Dipopoda

- Order: Spirobolia

- Family: Schizopetalidae

- Genus: Tynomma

- Species: Magnum

Ecology

- Millipedes eat dead leaves and wood along with other decaying things. They are very essential to the environment.

- Millipedes hibernate in winter and when under attack they release chemicals or curl up into a ball so predators can't get at them.

- Millipedes are often sold as exotic pets and used for breeding.

#9 Barnacles

#9 Barnacles (Cirripede)

Common Name: Barnacles

Description

- White/grey

- The size of a thimble

- They have an exoskeleton with bilateral symmetry

- Barnacles are a kind of crustacean and are known as a nuisance to most because of the way they attach themselves to hard surfaces and animals

- Barnacles are suspension feeders, sweeping small food into their mouth with their curve feet

- They are covered with hard calcareous plates, which they shut firmly when the tide goes out

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Animalia

- Phylum: Arthropoda

- Subphylum: Crustacea

- Class: Maxillopoda

- Order: Sessilia

- Family: Balanidae

- Genus: Balanus

- Species: B. Balanus

Ecology

- Barnacles reproduce sexually, and produce little Nauplius larvae which disperse in the plankton. They change into Cypris and attach to surfaces to form new barnacles.

- Barnacles are of economical consequence because they often attach to man made structures, sometimes destroying it.

- Some barnacles are edible and goose barnacles are considered a delicacy in Spain and Portugal

#7 Northwestern Crow

#7 Northwestern Crow

Common Name: Crow
Description

- All black plumage
- Black feet, bill and feet

- About 25cm (beak to tail feathers)

- Adult eyes are dark brown, while young crows have blue eyes
- In flight, the crow has a fan shaped tail
- Crows lay between 4-7 eggs, and the colors of the eggs often vary 

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Animalia

- Phylum: Chordata

- Class: Aves

- Order: Passeriformes

- Family: Corvidae

- Genus: Corvus

- Species: C.caurinus

Ecology

- The Northwestern Crow may be only a subspecies of the American Crow, the two are extremely similar, differing just in size and voice.
- Crows are omnivores and their diet is very diverse, they will eat almost anything.
- Crows reach sexually maturity around the age of three for females and five for males.
- Most crows will live between 25-30 years, however the oldest documented crow was 59 years old.
- Their predators include; cats, raccoon, ravens and raptors. Crows will often gather in large groups to mob these predators.
- Crows are an extremely intelligent bird, they have been known to engage in sports, tool use, the ability to hide and store food across seasons, image recognition and the ability to predict the behavior of their predators.
- Generally they nest alone, but sometimes crows will nest near a few other crows in trees or large bushes
- Scarecrows as the name would indicate are used by farmers to scare crows away and stop them from eating their crops.
- Crows voices are varied however the most common is described as a high pitched "caw".

#2 Clam

#2 Clam

Common Name: Clam 

Description: 

- Each clam has two siphons (round openings in the clams mantle cavity where water comes in and goes out, water contains bits of food that the clam gathers and then eats). Two shells that are fastened together at the back by the elastic hinge like ligaments. The clam has no head, no biting mouth parts, and no arms or legs. Clams move by a "foot".

- Foot in clams is used for digging 

- Foot in mussels secretes byssal threads to anchor the shell to rocks and piers.

- Filter feeders

- Colour: white/gray

- Size: 1mm to 1m

1.) Visceral mass - containing the organs of the animal.

2.) Mantle - thin layer of tissue that can excrete calcium carbonate to make shell material.

3.) Foot - muscular body part

- Open circulatory system 

Taxonomy

- Kingdom: Anamalia

- Phylum: Mollusca

- Class: Bivalvia (pelecypoda)

- Order: Veneroida or Unionoida

- Family: Veneroidae or Unionidae

- Genus: Mercenaria

- Species: M. mercenaria

Ecology

- Clams are a major source of food worldwide. They play a key role in food chains, they filter plankton from the water and are preyed by fishes, mollusks, and mammals. They maintain water quality through their ability to filter large amounts of water everyday (about 50 litres of water/per clam per day).

- Popular motifs in art work

- Most (hard) clams live four to eight years.

- Bivalve mollusks like clams, also include oysters and mussels.

- Clam's shells consists of two, usually equal halves.

- Feeding habits: water enters the clams body through one siphon, from there it flows into the gills. The gills trap food and capture oxygen from the water. The cilia, which are in the clams gills, catch the particles of the undigested food and water is released through the ex current siphon.
- A clam doesn't have to work very hard for its meals. Its main food, which is plankton, is a mass of very small water organisms. Water currents carry the plankton right into the clam.

Title Page

#8 Sand dollar

#8 Sand dollar

Common Name: Sand dollar

Description: 

-Round
-Radial Symmetry
-Flat
-Disc-like
-About three inches in diameter
-Color: White/ Grey
-Exoskeleton
-On the top it has five petal-shaped loops, made of tiny holes in pairs (these are ducts that work as gills)
-Lives on sandy and muddy substrate

Taxonomy: 

-Kingdom: Animalia

-Phylum: Echinodermata

-Class: Echinoidea

-Order: Clypeasteroida

-Suborder: Scutellina
-Family: Echinarachniidae
-Genus: Echinarachnius
-Species: E. parma
-Binomial Name: Echinarachnius parma 

Ecology:
-The needles on top are soft, because they are covered by cilia (fine hairs). Its mouth is below, and five narrow furrows allow food to go to the mouth.

 -The tube feet of the characteristic water vascular system helps move the food to the mouth, as well as in burrowing.
-Burrow into the sand for protection and food.
-Often their skeletons will wash ashore after a storm.
-Become bleached white when washed ashore.

#6 Hermit Crab

#6 Hermit Crab

Common Name: Hermit Crab

Description:

- External skeleton
-Soft-bodied

-Color: the shell was white/ light blue

-Bilateral Symmetry

-Contain ten jointed legs, usually the front two are different sizes. The left (large) claw is used for defense, while the right (small) claw is used for scooping food and water. 

-Two pairs of antennae

-Two compound eyes at the end of stalks

-Breath through modified gills

-Small sized crustacean

-Hermit Crabs contain long, soft, spirally curved abdomens, which are protected from predators by an empty shell.

-As a Hermit Crab grows in size, it must find a larger shell and abandon the old one.

-Hermit Crabs grow by shedding their exoskeletons and growing a new one (molting). This happens about once a year (smaller crabs may molt more often).

-Hermit crabs kept together may fight or kill, to gain the shell they prefer.

Taxonomy:

-Kingdom: Animalia

-Phylum: Arthropoda

-Subphylum: Crustacea

-Class: Malacostraca

-Order: Decapoda

-Suborder: Pleocyemata

-Family: Paguroidea

Ecology: 

-Hermit crabs will keep a tank free of algae, food debris, dead fish and other organic matter.

-Sea anemones protect the Hermit crabs (under water) by extending its tentacles for protection.

-Hermit crabs are omnivorous animals, they eat small fish, worms, and plankton.

-Predators of Hermit crabs are fish, sharks, and cuttlefish.

-Average lifespan: 1-10 years

#4 Slug

#4 Slug

Common Name: Slug

Description: 

-Color: black/dark brown

-Slugs do not have skeletons to support their bodies. So they have extreme flexibility and can bend over backwards and fit in very tiny spaces. This gives them an advantage to fit into specific niches in their environment. Instead of skeleton they have a liquid skeleton, this means that they use liquid to push themselves.

-Slugs have two pairs of 'feelers' or tentacles on their head. The upper pair is light sensing, and has eye spots at the ends. The lower pair provides sense of smell. Both pairs can be regrown if lost.

-Many Slugs are active after rain because of the moist ground, and in drier conditions they hide in damp places.

-Slugs produce two types of mucus: one is thin and watery, and the other is thick and sticky. Body mucus provides protection against predators, it can make the slug hard to pick up and hold by a birds beak.

-Moves on its mucus covered foot.

-Slugs feed on leaves from living plants, lichens, mushrooms. Some slugs are predators and eat other slugs, snails, and earthworms.

Taxonomy:

-Kingdom: Animalia 

-Phylum: Mollusca

-Class: Gastropoda

-Order: Soleolifera or Stylommatophora

-Family: Veronicellidae

Ecology:

-Slugs eat decaying plant material and fungi. Most carnivorous slugs on occasion also eat dead of their own kind.

-A slugs blood is green.

-Slugs eggs can lay in the soil for years and then hatch when conditions are right.

-Slugs are hermaphrodites (they have both male and female reproductive organs).

-They can live for up to six years.

-A slug is essentially a snail without a shell.

-A slugs slime contains fibers which prevents it from sliding down vertical surfaces.

-Slugs have the capability to reproduce themselves although a mate is preferred. 

#3 Eagle

#3 Eagle

Common Name: Eagle (Bald Eagle)

Description:  

-White head and tail

-Piercing eyes (yellow)

-Chocolate-brown body and wings

-Two legs and yellow beak

-Endoskeleton

-Bilateral Symmetry

-Warm blooded

-Four chambered heart

-Hollow bones (for flight)

-Eagles are dominant predators and are known as birds of prey.

-Eagles feed off smaller birds, bats, mammals, and fish off the ground.

-The Eagle is well known for its incredible eyesight.

-Eagles have pointed beaks and agile feet known as talons. The beak is designed for ripping flesh away from bone, and the talons are so strong that the eagle is able to carry its prey in its feet, until it reaches a safe place.

Taxonomy:

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Accipitriformes

Family: Accipitridae

Genus: Haliaeetus

Species: H. leucocephalus

Binomial name: Haliaeetus leucocephalus

Ecology:

-The Bald Eagle occupies a position at the top of the food chain. It feeds by swooping over land or over open water, and catches prey with its sharp curved talons. Also it eats dead animals (eagles are carnivores).

-The Eagle is believed to resemble power or good fortune.

-Can survive fasting for many days, even weeks.

-Sexual maturity is attained at the age of four to five years.

-The Eagle can see three to four times farther than people.

-Owls prey upon young bald eagles.

-Bald Eagles have between 7000 and 7200 feathers.

-Flying Bald Eagles can reach speeds of about 75 miles (120 km) per hour.

#1 Crab

#1 Crab

Common Name: Crab (decapods)

Description: colour: red, shape: flattened body, two antennae, two eyes at the ends of stalks, about 5 inches in diameter.

- Thick exoskeleton(carapace), an outer shell that protects them from predators and provides support.

- Bilateral symmetry, eight jointed legs, two large grasping claws(pincers).

- Crabs are omnivores(eat both plants and animals), and some feed primarily on algae, others feed on mollusks, worms, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria, and organic non-living materials.

- The majority of crabs eat snails, mussels, shell fish, decayed vegetation and sea weed.

- Land crabs have two cavities that act like lungs and allow them to breathe air, Marine crabs breathe underwater using gills.

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacae

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Suborder: Dieocyemata

Family: Brachyura

Genus: Uca

Ecology

-Many crustaceans are important to humans because of their large role in marine and terrestrial food chains. Smaller crustaceans have the ability to recycle nutrients as filter feeders. Large crustaceans can act as a food source for large aquatic mammals. Terrestrial crustaceans are decomposers of dead organisms. 

- There are 500 known species of hermit crabs 

- Predators include lobsters, octopus, otters and other crabs 

- Male crabs often have longer claws than females 

- Crabs' teeth are located in their stomachs

- The average crab lives no longer than three years

- If a crab loses its claw, the claw grows back

- The male crabs have narrow abdomens while the female crabs have broader abdomens